Contemporary editing /
Friend, Cecilia.
Contemporary editing / Cecilia Friend, Don Challenger, Katherine C. McAdams. - Lincolnwood, Ill. : NTC/Contemporary, c2000. - xxiii, 631 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Includes index.
Table of Contents
Preface xvii
PART 1 APPROACHING THE STORY 1 (198)
Focus on fundamentals: The editor within 2 (23)
Editing Is Reading With An Attitude 2 (2)
The Editor Emerges 4 (3)
The Editor Shifts From Me To We 7 (1)
What Editors Do And Why It Matters 8 (4)
How editors shape coverage 8 (4)
The Editor's Changing Role: From Print To 12 (6)
Multimedia
Editing evolves as media evolve 13 (3)
Editing requires standards 16 (2)
Editors become more important as media 18 (1)
options grow
The Changing News And News Judgment 18 (4)
Television: Putting the accent on action 19 (1)
Demographics: Where did all the readers 19 (1)
go?
Print: Getting rid of the gray 20 (1)
Technology: Newspapers learn to compete 20 (1)
Diversification of the news 21 (1)
Preparing To Be An Editor 22 (3)
Focus on news judgment: The editor's attitude 25 (31)
The Editor Steps Forward 25 (1)
The Editor's Attitude 26 (4)
Staying curious 26 (1)
Taking pride 27 (1)
Taking the initiative 27 (1)
Staying balanced 27 (1)
Remaining focused 27 (1)
Thinking big and thinking small 28 (1)
From information to news 28 (2)
News Values And News Judgment 30 (6)
Conflict 30 (1)
Impact 30 (1)
Proximity 31 (1)
Timeliness 31 (1)
Prominence 32 (1)
Novelty 33 (1)
Audience interest 33 (1)
Other news values 33 (3)
Applying The News Values 36 (1)
News Judgment In Action 37 (4)
The audience helps define the news 38 (2)
Who is the audience? 40 (1)
Doing The Right Thing: Fairness And Ethics 41 (10)
Recognizing and minimizing bias 43 (1)
Where bias lurks 43 (7)
The importance of standards 50 (1)
The Starting Point: Your Stylebook 51 (1)
A Look Around The Newsroom 52 (4)
Focus on skills and tools: The editor in the 56 (44)
newsroom
The News Is In The Details 56 (2)
Skills For Today's Copy Editor 58 (7)
Going inside the story 59 (3)
Working task by task 62 (3)
Organization: The Shape Of The Story 65 (8)
The inverted pyramid: The basic story 66 (3)
structure
Other storytelling formats 69 (4)
Accuracy: The Substance Of The Story 73 (9)
Typographical errors 74 (1)
Spelling errors 74 (1)
Inaccurate terms 75 (1)
Basic errors of fact 76 (3)
Errors in quotations 79 (2)
Historical and artistic references 81 (1)
Numbers In The News 82 (8)
Measuring against an absolute scale 83 (1)
Batting average is a special use of 84 (1)
percentage
Measuring against a previous figure 84 (1)
Calculating up and calculating down 85 (1)
Magnitude is not a percentage 85 (1)
Use numbers to clarify and amplify the 86 (1)
news
The rewards and risks of using numbers 86 (4)
Tools For Today's Editor 90 (10)
Copy editing symbols 90 (2)
Computers 92 (1)
Online news and electronic texts 93 (1)
A word about spell-checkers and 94 (2)
grammar-checkers
Books for the copy editor 96 (1)
The telephone 97 (3)
Focus on grammar: The mechanics of language 100 (51)
Why Grammar Matters 100 (2)
Grammar can be a burden-sometimes 101 (1)
We organize meaning through grammar 101 (1)
What Are Grammar, Style And Usage? 102 (2)
Editors integrate grammar, style and usage 103 (1)
Grammar skills are crucial to your 103 (1)
development
Building Grammar Skills Step By Step 104 (26)
The parts of speech at a glance 104 (2)
Nouns: The things themselves 106 (5)
Contractions 111 (1)
Pronouns: Substitutes for nouns 112 (1)
Agreement of pronouns and antecedents 112 (2)
Establishing the proper case 114 (1)
Relative pronouns: Who and whom 115 (1)
Essential and nonessential clauses: That 116 (2)
and which
Essential and nonessential clauses using 118 (1)
who, when and where
Verbs: Where the action is 119 (7)
Modifiers: Adjectives and adverbs 126 (1)
Prepositions: Flexible links 127 (2)
Conjunction: Precise links 129 (1)
Sentences: Putting The Parts Together 130 (7)
Sentences are complete thoughts 131 (1)
Subjects and verbs must agree 131 (2)
Find a home for misplaced modifiers 133 (4)
Punctuation 137 (14)
Periods and semicolons: Stop here 138 (1)
Commas: Meaningful pauses 139 (3)
Quotation marks: The inside story 142 (1)
Question marks: Who's asking? 143 (1)
Colons: They point to what comes after 143 (1)
Hyphens: Join together 144 (1)
Punctuation to shun 145 (6)
Focus on good writing: Strong and graceful 151 (48)
prose
Correct Writing And Good Writing 151 (2)
Style And Usage: Let The Writer's Voice Be 153 (1)
Heard
The Editor's Role: Seeing The Details And 153 (3)
Hearing The Song
Clarity Through Word Usage: Be Simple, be 156 (8)
Brief
Simplicity speaks to everyone 156 (2)
Emphasize brevity 158 (1)
Eliminate redundancy 159 (1)
Hidden redundancy: Time elements and 160 (1)
intensifiers
Repetition that works 161 (1)
Transitions: Bridges between the facts 162 (2)
Misused Words 164 (12)
Insist on precision 165 (1)
Know common technical terms 166 (1)
Stay abreast of the language 167 (1)
Rely on active verbs for energy and focus 168 (2)
Keep negative terms to a minimum 170 (2)
Cliches, jargon and slang 172 (2)
Metaphors: Straight and strained, mixed 174 (2)
and mismatched
More On Quotations And Attributions 176 (9)
Quotations: Accuracy and economy 176 (4)
Attribution 180 (4)
Other uses of quotation marks 184 (1)
Building Graceful Sentences 185 (14)
Introductory phrases 185 (2)
Time elements and placement 187 (3)
Parallel construction 190 (2)
Pacing 192 (7)
PART 2 INSIDE THE STORY 199 (204)
News close to home: Editing local stories and 200 (35)
community news
The Importance Of Local News 200 (3)
What's Different About Local News? 203 (2)
`Local' is a state of mind as well as a 204 (1)
place
Communities are active and interactive 204 (1)
audiences
The Characteristics Of Strong Local News 205 (14)
Relevance 206 (2)
Heart 208 (1)
Accuracy 209 (2)
Simplicity 211 (1)
Sensitivity 212 (1)
Audience interaction 212 (2)
A sense of diversity and balance 214 (3)
A sense of place 217 (1)
A sense of depth 218 (1)
Raising The Standards In Community News 219 (9)
Reading the story for understanding 220 (1)
Editing for structure and focus 221 (1)
Editing for accuracy 222 (2)
Editing for grammar and style 224 (4)
The Debate Over Civic Journalism 228 (7)
Three ways to balance involvement and 230 (1)
detachment
The three approaches at work 230 (1)
Seeking a middle ground 231 (4)
News from afar: Editing wire stories 235 (32)
News From Afar 235 (3)
Looking Inside The Wire 238 (1)
The Wire Editor's Tasks 239 (8)
Monitoring and organizing wire news 240 (1)
Preparing the wire budget 241 (1)
Using the news meeting to plan wire news 242 (1)
Establishing a system to follow the wire 242 (5)
Reading And Selecting Wire Stories 247 (3)
Getting started: Scrolling tips and 247 (3)
techniques
Editing And Trimming Wire Stories 250 (17)
Applying news values and news judgment to 251 (1)
wire stories
Choosing and editing national and world 251 (3)
stories
Editing state stories 254 (1)
Combining wire stories 255 (1)
Localizing the wire 256 (11)
Making a long story short: Editing for 267 (38)
brevity and clarity
Cutting Stories Without Cutting Corners 267 (2)
Old Tools For New Needs 269 (3)
Thinking Through The Story 272 (22)
Eliminating repetition 276 (2)
Cutting secondary information 278 (3)
Working from large blocks to small ones 281 (7)
Rechecking your work 288 (1)
Knowing when to bend the rules 289 (2)
Providing a sense of context and 291 (1)
background
Using quotes and details 292 (2)
Editing Briefs: The Shortest Of The Short 294 (11)
Define the task 294 (1)
Use active verbs 295 (1)
Use real news 295 (1)
Use partial quotes 295 (2)
Think about tone 297 (1)
Compress the language 297 (1)
Use news judgment 298 (7)
After the fact: Editing features and more 305 (34)
complex story forms
Feature Editing is Creative Editing 305 (2)
Features, News And News Features: Some 307 (1)
Distinctions
The Feature Editor And The Feature Writer 308 (3)
Editors provide a new perspective 310 (1)
Editors represent the audience 310 (1)
Changing Priorities: News Values And More 311 (4)
The temptations and risks of pack 311 (2)
journalism
Prominence and audience interest 313 (2)
Leads And Language In Features 315 (13)
A checklist for feature leads 316 (1)
Seven types of feature leads at work 317 (11)
Focus And Organization In Features 328 (11)
Finding and reinforcing structure 330 (3)
Addressing stories without shape 333 (6)
No safety in numbers: Poll and survey stories 339 (28)
Polls Can Reflect Or Distort Public Opinion 339 (1)
A Primer On Polling 340 (3)
Polls and the democratic process 341 (1)
Local polling 341 (1)
Polls that are not polls 342 (1)
The media's attitude toward polls 342 (1)
Key Concepts In Poll Results 343 (3)
Sample size 343 (1)
Confidence level 344 (1)
Margin of error 344 (2)
Bias In The Questioning Process 346 (10)
Keys to avoiding bias and 347 (2)
oversimplification
Questions and context: Reading between 349 (2)
the lines
Answers made to order 351 (2)
Who wants to know, and when? 353 (3)
Scientific And Nonscientific Polls 356 (5)
The necessity of random sampling 356 (1)
The difficulty of random sampling 357 (1)
Weighting the data 358 (1)
Call-in, coupon, Internet and other 359 (2)
pseudo-polls
The Impact Of Polls On The Public 361 (6)
When the details contradict the drama 361 (2)
Election issues: Polls at the polls 363 (1)
Enlightened common sense 364 (3)
Doing justice: Legal issues, ethics and bias 367 (36)
The Lessons Of 1998 367 (3)
Developing A Sense Of What Is Right 370 (6)
The need for balance and the pressure to 374 (1)
publish
Constitutional freedom and responsibility 375 (1)
The Concept Of Libel 376 (10)
Five key points of proof in libel suits 377 (2)
Defenses against libel 379 (4)
Public officials and public figures 383 (1)
Case law and confusion 384 (1)
The threat of self-censorship and the 385 (1)
chilling effect
What is legal and what is legitimate 385 (1)
The Right To Privacy 386 (3)
Key privacy issues 387 (1)
Privacy, sensitivity and the Internet 387 (2)
Ethical Guidelines 389 (14)
Ethical issues large and small 389 (1)
Codes of conduct 390 (1)
The uses and abuses of professional 390 (1)
guidelines
A perspective on sensationalism 391 (3)
The needs of a diverse audience 394 (9)
PART 3 BEYOND THE STORY 403 (190)
Headlines: Precision, power and poetry 404 (43)
The Voice Of Authority 404 (1)
What Headlines Do 405 (1)
Getting Started: Headline Basics 406 (4)
Making the facts fit 407 (1)
The pleasure and power of headlines 408 (1)
Headlines are a skill and an art 409 (1)
The Language Of Headlines 410 (2)
Four Stages Of Headline Writing 412 (1)
Intention: What Good Headlines Must Do 413 (8)
Focusing on accuracy 413 (2)
Finding an appropriate tone 415 (2)
Keeping it clear 417 (4)
Approach: What Good Headlines Should Do 421 (3)
Summarizing the story 421 (1)
Providing a focus 422 (2)
Showing the story's impact 424 (1)
Mechanics: Compressing Meaning, Maintaining 424 (11)
Clarity
Use present tense wisely 425 (1)
Replace will with to 425 (1)
Omit articles 426 (1)
Replace and with a comma or semicolon 427 (1)
Omit present-tense forms of the verb to be 427 (1)
Supply attribution where needed 428 (3)
Use single quote marks and condense quotes 431 (3)
Use abbreviations, acronyms and figures 434 (1)
carefully
Drop end punctuation 434 (1)
Structure: Headlines On The Page And Screen 435 (12)
Typographical terms 435 (3)
Sizing and counting terms 438 (9)
An eye for news: Editing photos 447 (34)
The Power Of Pictures 447 (4)
Image And Reality 451 (1)
Selecting Photos 452 (6)
Evaluating quality 452 (2)
Evaluating content 454 (2)
Multiple photos 456 (1)
Working with photo shapes 457 (1)
Ethical And Legal Issues 458 (10)
Photo manipulation 458 (4)
Recycling old photos 462 (1)
Flopping pictures 462 (1)
Sensitive photos 463 (3)
The privacy question 466 (1)
Making tough calls 467 (1)
Cropping And Sizing Photos 468 (7)
How to crop pictures 468 (3)
How to size pictures 471 (4)
Writing Cutlines 475 (6)
Cutline fundamentals 475 (1)
Dos and don'ts of good cutlines 475 (2)
A style guide for cutlines 477 (1)
A final word on cutlines 478 (3)
Showing the story: Editing information 481 (28)
graphics
The Value Of Showing The Story 481 (2)
Types Of Information Graphics 483 (11)
Charts and graphs 483 (2)
Tables and lists 485 (3)
Maps 488 (3)
Illustration-based infographics 491 (2)
The risks: Too much information, and too 493 (1)
little
Data And Distortion 494 (10)
Baselines and time shifts 495 (5)
Proportions and data decoration 500 (2)
Inflation and other shifting comparisons 502 (2)
Editing Text In Infographics 504 (5)
Guarding against outdated information 504 (1)
Checking for accuracy and completeness 505 (4)
The balancing act: Designing pages 509 (47)
Communicating Through Design 509 (1)
Why Design Matters 510 (6)
The goals of good design 511 (1)
Who does the designing? 512 (2)
Design and layout 514 (1)
Standards and consistency 514 (2)
Design Concepts 516 (6)
The visual anchor 516 (1)
Contrast 517 (1)
Proportion 518 (1)
Balance 519 (1)
Harmony and unity 519 (1)
White space 520 (1)
Modular and nonmodular layout 521 (1)
Story Design With And Without Art 522 (8)
Facing the blank page 523 (2)
Planning with dummy sheets 525 (1)
Laying out stories without art 526 (2)
Laying out stories with art 528 (2)
From The Module To The Page 530 (5)
Designing the page around art 530 (2)
Laying out the lead story 532 (2)
Beating butting heads 534 (1)
Typography: The Visual Dimension Of Words 535 (4)
The anatomy of type 536 (1)
The power of display headlines 537 (1)
Other specialized uses of type 537 (2)
Advanced Issues In Design 539 (7)
Design and meaning 539 (3)
Innovations in news page design 542 (2)
Capture the story 544 (1)
Innovation and caution 545 (1)
Laying Out Inside Pages 546 (2)
Use a dominant photo 546 (1)
Adapt story count to space 547 (1)
Watch the corners 547 (1)
Color Considerations 548 (8)
Attraction and distraction 548 (2)
Using color wisely 550 (1)
Color to avoid 551 (5)
From gatekeeper to guide: Online news and 556 (37)
21st-century editing
The Leap From The Page To The Screen 556 (5)
Audience, Advertising And Ethics: New 561 (6)
Realities Online
Newspapers move to the Web 562 (1)
The new role of advertising and 563 (1)
partnerships
Advertising encroaches on design 564 (1)
Interactivity blurs traditional 564 (1)
news-advertising distinctions
Web partnerships create new ethical 565 (2)
dilemmas
The News And The Newsroom Go Online 567 (10)
Print, image and sound converge 568 (2)
What convergence means 570 (1)
The crucial role of hypertext 571 (1)
The importance of teamwork 571 (1)
Specialists working together 572 (1)
The continuing importance of news judgment 572 (1)
Staffing and approach online 573 (4)
Adapting Your Skills To Online Editing 577 (8)
Editing against the clock 578 (1)
The need for checks and balances 579 (1)
Coherence, completeness and closure 580 (2)
Editing in electronic space 582 (1)
News judgment and site organization 583 (1)
The value of the inverted pyramid 584 (1)
The Web, Free Speech And Democracy 585 (8)
Quality and credibility 588 (1)
Two-way communication 588 (1)
The personal becomes public 589 (4)
Appendix A: Frequently Misused Words 593 (4)
Appendix B: Glossary 597 (10)
Appendix C: Sample Dummy Sheets 607 (4)
Acknowledgments 611 (2)
Index 613
0844232106 9780844232102
Journalism --Editing.
070.41 FRI
Contemporary editing / Cecilia Friend, Don Challenger, Katherine C. McAdams. - Lincolnwood, Ill. : NTC/Contemporary, c2000. - xxiii, 631 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
Includes index.
Table of Contents
Preface xvii
PART 1 APPROACHING THE STORY 1 (198)
Focus on fundamentals: The editor within 2 (23)
Editing Is Reading With An Attitude 2 (2)
The Editor Emerges 4 (3)
The Editor Shifts From Me To We 7 (1)
What Editors Do And Why It Matters 8 (4)
How editors shape coverage 8 (4)
The Editor's Changing Role: From Print To 12 (6)
Multimedia
Editing evolves as media evolve 13 (3)
Editing requires standards 16 (2)
Editors become more important as media 18 (1)
options grow
The Changing News And News Judgment 18 (4)
Television: Putting the accent on action 19 (1)
Demographics: Where did all the readers 19 (1)
go?
Print: Getting rid of the gray 20 (1)
Technology: Newspapers learn to compete 20 (1)
Diversification of the news 21 (1)
Preparing To Be An Editor 22 (3)
Focus on news judgment: The editor's attitude 25 (31)
The Editor Steps Forward 25 (1)
The Editor's Attitude 26 (4)
Staying curious 26 (1)
Taking pride 27 (1)
Taking the initiative 27 (1)
Staying balanced 27 (1)
Remaining focused 27 (1)
Thinking big and thinking small 28 (1)
From information to news 28 (2)
News Values And News Judgment 30 (6)
Conflict 30 (1)
Impact 30 (1)
Proximity 31 (1)
Timeliness 31 (1)
Prominence 32 (1)
Novelty 33 (1)
Audience interest 33 (1)
Other news values 33 (3)
Applying The News Values 36 (1)
News Judgment In Action 37 (4)
The audience helps define the news 38 (2)
Who is the audience? 40 (1)
Doing The Right Thing: Fairness And Ethics 41 (10)
Recognizing and minimizing bias 43 (1)
Where bias lurks 43 (7)
The importance of standards 50 (1)
The Starting Point: Your Stylebook 51 (1)
A Look Around The Newsroom 52 (4)
Focus on skills and tools: The editor in the 56 (44)
newsroom
The News Is In The Details 56 (2)
Skills For Today's Copy Editor 58 (7)
Going inside the story 59 (3)
Working task by task 62 (3)
Organization: The Shape Of The Story 65 (8)
The inverted pyramid: The basic story 66 (3)
structure
Other storytelling formats 69 (4)
Accuracy: The Substance Of The Story 73 (9)
Typographical errors 74 (1)
Spelling errors 74 (1)
Inaccurate terms 75 (1)
Basic errors of fact 76 (3)
Errors in quotations 79 (2)
Historical and artistic references 81 (1)
Numbers In The News 82 (8)
Measuring against an absolute scale 83 (1)
Batting average is a special use of 84 (1)
percentage
Measuring against a previous figure 84 (1)
Calculating up and calculating down 85 (1)
Magnitude is not a percentage 85 (1)
Use numbers to clarify and amplify the 86 (1)
news
The rewards and risks of using numbers 86 (4)
Tools For Today's Editor 90 (10)
Copy editing symbols 90 (2)
Computers 92 (1)
Online news and electronic texts 93 (1)
A word about spell-checkers and 94 (2)
grammar-checkers
Books for the copy editor 96 (1)
The telephone 97 (3)
Focus on grammar: The mechanics of language 100 (51)
Why Grammar Matters 100 (2)
Grammar can be a burden-sometimes 101 (1)
We organize meaning through grammar 101 (1)
What Are Grammar, Style And Usage? 102 (2)
Editors integrate grammar, style and usage 103 (1)
Grammar skills are crucial to your 103 (1)
development
Building Grammar Skills Step By Step 104 (26)
The parts of speech at a glance 104 (2)
Nouns: The things themselves 106 (5)
Contractions 111 (1)
Pronouns: Substitutes for nouns 112 (1)
Agreement of pronouns and antecedents 112 (2)
Establishing the proper case 114 (1)
Relative pronouns: Who and whom 115 (1)
Essential and nonessential clauses: That 116 (2)
and which
Essential and nonessential clauses using 118 (1)
who, when and where
Verbs: Where the action is 119 (7)
Modifiers: Adjectives and adverbs 126 (1)
Prepositions: Flexible links 127 (2)
Conjunction: Precise links 129 (1)
Sentences: Putting The Parts Together 130 (7)
Sentences are complete thoughts 131 (1)
Subjects and verbs must agree 131 (2)
Find a home for misplaced modifiers 133 (4)
Punctuation 137 (14)
Periods and semicolons: Stop here 138 (1)
Commas: Meaningful pauses 139 (3)
Quotation marks: The inside story 142 (1)
Question marks: Who's asking? 143 (1)
Colons: They point to what comes after 143 (1)
Hyphens: Join together 144 (1)
Punctuation to shun 145 (6)
Focus on good writing: Strong and graceful 151 (48)
prose
Correct Writing And Good Writing 151 (2)
Style And Usage: Let The Writer's Voice Be 153 (1)
Heard
The Editor's Role: Seeing The Details And 153 (3)
Hearing The Song
Clarity Through Word Usage: Be Simple, be 156 (8)
Brief
Simplicity speaks to everyone 156 (2)
Emphasize brevity 158 (1)
Eliminate redundancy 159 (1)
Hidden redundancy: Time elements and 160 (1)
intensifiers
Repetition that works 161 (1)
Transitions: Bridges between the facts 162 (2)
Misused Words 164 (12)
Insist on precision 165 (1)
Know common technical terms 166 (1)
Stay abreast of the language 167 (1)
Rely on active verbs for energy and focus 168 (2)
Keep negative terms to a minimum 170 (2)
Cliches, jargon and slang 172 (2)
Metaphors: Straight and strained, mixed 174 (2)
and mismatched
More On Quotations And Attributions 176 (9)
Quotations: Accuracy and economy 176 (4)
Attribution 180 (4)
Other uses of quotation marks 184 (1)
Building Graceful Sentences 185 (14)
Introductory phrases 185 (2)
Time elements and placement 187 (3)
Parallel construction 190 (2)
Pacing 192 (7)
PART 2 INSIDE THE STORY 199 (204)
News close to home: Editing local stories and 200 (35)
community news
The Importance Of Local News 200 (3)
What's Different About Local News? 203 (2)
`Local' is a state of mind as well as a 204 (1)
place
Communities are active and interactive 204 (1)
audiences
The Characteristics Of Strong Local News 205 (14)
Relevance 206 (2)
Heart 208 (1)
Accuracy 209 (2)
Simplicity 211 (1)
Sensitivity 212 (1)
Audience interaction 212 (2)
A sense of diversity and balance 214 (3)
A sense of place 217 (1)
A sense of depth 218 (1)
Raising The Standards In Community News 219 (9)
Reading the story for understanding 220 (1)
Editing for structure and focus 221 (1)
Editing for accuracy 222 (2)
Editing for grammar and style 224 (4)
The Debate Over Civic Journalism 228 (7)
Three ways to balance involvement and 230 (1)
detachment
The three approaches at work 230 (1)
Seeking a middle ground 231 (4)
News from afar: Editing wire stories 235 (32)
News From Afar 235 (3)
Looking Inside The Wire 238 (1)
The Wire Editor's Tasks 239 (8)
Monitoring and organizing wire news 240 (1)
Preparing the wire budget 241 (1)
Using the news meeting to plan wire news 242 (1)
Establishing a system to follow the wire 242 (5)
Reading And Selecting Wire Stories 247 (3)
Getting started: Scrolling tips and 247 (3)
techniques
Editing And Trimming Wire Stories 250 (17)
Applying news values and news judgment to 251 (1)
wire stories
Choosing and editing national and world 251 (3)
stories
Editing state stories 254 (1)
Combining wire stories 255 (1)
Localizing the wire 256 (11)
Making a long story short: Editing for 267 (38)
brevity and clarity
Cutting Stories Without Cutting Corners 267 (2)
Old Tools For New Needs 269 (3)
Thinking Through The Story 272 (22)
Eliminating repetition 276 (2)
Cutting secondary information 278 (3)
Working from large blocks to small ones 281 (7)
Rechecking your work 288 (1)
Knowing when to bend the rules 289 (2)
Providing a sense of context and 291 (1)
background
Using quotes and details 292 (2)
Editing Briefs: The Shortest Of The Short 294 (11)
Define the task 294 (1)
Use active verbs 295 (1)
Use real news 295 (1)
Use partial quotes 295 (2)
Think about tone 297 (1)
Compress the language 297 (1)
Use news judgment 298 (7)
After the fact: Editing features and more 305 (34)
complex story forms
Feature Editing is Creative Editing 305 (2)
Features, News And News Features: Some 307 (1)
Distinctions
The Feature Editor And The Feature Writer 308 (3)
Editors provide a new perspective 310 (1)
Editors represent the audience 310 (1)
Changing Priorities: News Values And More 311 (4)
The temptations and risks of pack 311 (2)
journalism
Prominence and audience interest 313 (2)
Leads And Language In Features 315 (13)
A checklist for feature leads 316 (1)
Seven types of feature leads at work 317 (11)
Focus And Organization In Features 328 (11)
Finding and reinforcing structure 330 (3)
Addressing stories without shape 333 (6)
No safety in numbers: Poll and survey stories 339 (28)
Polls Can Reflect Or Distort Public Opinion 339 (1)
A Primer On Polling 340 (3)
Polls and the democratic process 341 (1)
Local polling 341 (1)
Polls that are not polls 342 (1)
The media's attitude toward polls 342 (1)
Key Concepts In Poll Results 343 (3)
Sample size 343 (1)
Confidence level 344 (1)
Margin of error 344 (2)
Bias In The Questioning Process 346 (10)
Keys to avoiding bias and 347 (2)
oversimplification
Questions and context: Reading between 349 (2)
the lines
Answers made to order 351 (2)
Who wants to know, and when? 353 (3)
Scientific And Nonscientific Polls 356 (5)
The necessity of random sampling 356 (1)
The difficulty of random sampling 357 (1)
Weighting the data 358 (1)
Call-in, coupon, Internet and other 359 (2)
pseudo-polls
The Impact Of Polls On The Public 361 (6)
When the details contradict the drama 361 (2)
Election issues: Polls at the polls 363 (1)
Enlightened common sense 364 (3)
Doing justice: Legal issues, ethics and bias 367 (36)
The Lessons Of 1998 367 (3)
Developing A Sense Of What Is Right 370 (6)
The need for balance and the pressure to 374 (1)
publish
Constitutional freedom and responsibility 375 (1)
The Concept Of Libel 376 (10)
Five key points of proof in libel suits 377 (2)
Defenses against libel 379 (4)
Public officials and public figures 383 (1)
Case law and confusion 384 (1)
The threat of self-censorship and the 385 (1)
chilling effect
What is legal and what is legitimate 385 (1)
The Right To Privacy 386 (3)
Key privacy issues 387 (1)
Privacy, sensitivity and the Internet 387 (2)
Ethical Guidelines 389 (14)
Ethical issues large and small 389 (1)
Codes of conduct 390 (1)
The uses and abuses of professional 390 (1)
guidelines
A perspective on sensationalism 391 (3)
The needs of a diverse audience 394 (9)
PART 3 BEYOND THE STORY 403 (190)
Headlines: Precision, power and poetry 404 (43)
The Voice Of Authority 404 (1)
What Headlines Do 405 (1)
Getting Started: Headline Basics 406 (4)
Making the facts fit 407 (1)
The pleasure and power of headlines 408 (1)
Headlines are a skill and an art 409 (1)
The Language Of Headlines 410 (2)
Four Stages Of Headline Writing 412 (1)
Intention: What Good Headlines Must Do 413 (8)
Focusing on accuracy 413 (2)
Finding an appropriate tone 415 (2)
Keeping it clear 417 (4)
Approach: What Good Headlines Should Do 421 (3)
Summarizing the story 421 (1)
Providing a focus 422 (2)
Showing the story's impact 424 (1)
Mechanics: Compressing Meaning, Maintaining 424 (11)
Clarity
Use present tense wisely 425 (1)
Replace will with to 425 (1)
Omit articles 426 (1)
Replace and with a comma or semicolon 427 (1)
Omit present-tense forms of the verb to be 427 (1)
Supply attribution where needed 428 (3)
Use single quote marks and condense quotes 431 (3)
Use abbreviations, acronyms and figures 434 (1)
carefully
Drop end punctuation 434 (1)
Structure: Headlines On The Page And Screen 435 (12)
Typographical terms 435 (3)
Sizing and counting terms 438 (9)
An eye for news: Editing photos 447 (34)
The Power Of Pictures 447 (4)
Image And Reality 451 (1)
Selecting Photos 452 (6)
Evaluating quality 452 (2)
Evaluating content 454 (2)
Multiple photos 456 (1)
Working with photo shapes 457 (1)
Ethical And Legal Issues 458 (10)
Photo manipulation 458 (4)
Recycling old photos 462 (1)
Flopping pictures 462 (1)
Sensitive photos 463 (3)
The privacy question 466 (1)
Making tough calls 467 (1)
Cropping And Sizing Photos 468 (7)
How to crop pictures 468 (3)
How to size pictures 471 (4)
Writing Cutlines 475 (6)
Cutline fundamentals 475 (1)
Dos and don'ts of good cutlines 475 (2)
A style guide for cutlines 477 (1)
A final word on cutlines 478 (3)
Showing the story: Editing information 481 (28)
graphics
The Value Of Showing The Story 481 (2)
Types Of Information Graphics 483 (11)
Charts and graphs 483 (2)
Tables and lists 485 (3)
Maps 488 (3)
Illustration-based infographics 491 (2)
The risks: Too much information, and too 493 (1)
little
Data And Distortion 494 (10)
Baselines and time shifts 495 (5)
Proportions and data decoration 500 (2)
Inflation and other shifting comparisons 502 (2)
Editing Text In Infographics 504 (5)
Guarding against outdated information 504 (1)
Checking for accuracy and completeness 505 (4)
The balancing act: Designing pages 509 (47)
Communicating Through Design 509 (1)
Why Design Matters 510 (6)
The goals of good design 511 (1)
Who does the designing? 512 (2)
Design and layout 514 (1)
Standards and consistency 514 (2)
Design Concepts 516 (6)
The visual anchor 516 (1)
Contrast 517 (1)
Proportion 518 (1)
Balance 519 (1)
Harmony and unity 519 (1)
White space 520 (1)
Modular and nonmodular layout 521 (1)
Story Design With And Without Art 522 (8)
Facing the blank page 523 (2)
Planning with dummy sheets 525 (1)
Laying out stories without art 526 (2)
Laying out stories with art 528 (2)
From The Module To The Page 530 (5)
Designing the page around art 530 (2)
Laying out the lead story 532 (2)
Beating butting heads 534 (1)
Typography: The Visual Dimension Of Words 535 (4)
The anatomy of type 536 (1)
The power of display headlines 537 (1)
Other specialized uses of type 537 (2)
Advanced Issues In Design 539 (7)
Design and meaning 539 (3)
Innovations in news page design 542 (2)
Capture the story 544 (1)
Innovation and caution 545 (1)
Laying Out Inside Pages 546 (2)
Use a dominant photo 546 (1)
Adapt story count to space 547 (1)
Watch the corners 547 (1)
Color Considerations 548 (8)
Attraction and distraction 548 (2)
Using color wisely 550 (1)
Color to avoid 551 (5)
From gatekeeper to guide: Online news and 556 (37)
21st-century editing
The Leap From The Page To The Screen 556 (5)
Audience, Advertising And Ethics: New 561 (6)
Realities Online
Newspapers move to the Web 562 (1)
The new role of advertising and 563 (1)
partnerships
Advertising encroaches on design 564 (1)
Interactivity blurs traditional 564 (1)
news-advertising distinctions
Web partnerships create new ethical 565 (2)
dilemmas
The News And The Newsroom Go Online 567 (10)
Print, image and sound converge 568 (2)
What convergence means 570 (1)
The crucial role of hypertext 571 (1)
The importance of teamwork 571 (1)
Specialists working together 572 (1)
The continuing importance of news judgment 572 (1)
Staffing and approach online 573 (4)
Adapting Your Skills To Online Editing 577 (8)
Editing against the clock 578 (1)
The need for checks and balances 579 (1)
Coherence, completeness and closure 580 (2)
Editing in electronic space 582 (1)
News judgment and site organization 583 (1)
The value of the inverted pyramid 584 (1)
The Web, Free Speech And Democracy 585 (8)
Quality and credibility 588 (1)
Two-way communication 588 (1)
The personal becomes public 589 (4)
Appendix A: Frequently Misused Words 593 (4)
Appendix B: Glossary 597 (10)
Appendix C: Sample Dummy Sheets 607 (4)
Acknowledgments 611 (2)
Index 613
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Journalism --Editing.
070.41 FRI
